Ancient periodĬhirand, on the northern bank of the Ganga River, in Saran district, has an archaeological record from the Neolithic age ( c.

Magadha, Anga and Vajjian Confederacy of Mithila, c. Medieval writer Minhaj al-Siraj Juzjani records in the Tabaqat-i Nasiri that in 1198 Bakhtiyar Khalji committed a massacre in a town identified with the word, later known as Bihar Sharif, about 70 km (43 mi) away from Bodh Gaya. The region roughly encompassing the present state had many Buddhist vihāras, the abodes of Buddhist monks in the ancient and medieval periods. The name Bihar is derived from the Sanskrit and Pali word vihāra ( Devanagari: विहार), meaning 'abode'. Improved governance has led to an economic revival in the state through increased investment in infrastructure, better health care facilities, greater emphasis on education, and a reduction in crime and corruption. The state government has, however, made significant strides in developing the state. Many economists and social scientists claim that this is a direct result of the policies of the central government, such as the freight equalisation policy, its apathy towards Bihar, lack of Bihari sub-nationalism, and the Permanent Settlement of 1793 by the British East India Company. Since the late 1970s, Bihar has lagged far behind other Indian states in terms of social and economic development. Another region of Bihar is Mithila which was an early centre of learning and the centre of the Videha kingdom. Magadha empires, notably under the Maurya and Gupta dynasties, unified large parts of South Asia under a central rule. From Magadha arose India's first empire, the Maurya empire, as well as one of the world's most widely adhered-to religions: Buddhism. In ancient and classical India, the area that is now Bihar was considered a centre of power, learning, and culture. The official languages are Hindi and Urdu, although other languages are common, including Maithili, Magahi, Bhojpuri and other Bihari languages. Additionally, almost 58% of Biharis are below the age of 25, giving Bihar the highest proportion of young people of any Indian state. Only 11.3% of the population of Bihar lives in urban areas, which is the lowest in India after Himachal Pradesh. On 15 November 2000, southern Bihar was ceded to form the new state of Jharkhand. Bihar is also the world's fourth-most populous subnational entity. The Bihar plain is split by the river Ganges, which flows from west to east. It is contiguous with Uttar Pradesh to its west, Nepal to the north, the northern part of West Bengal to the east, and with Jharkhand to the south.

It is the third-largest state by population and twelfth-largest by territory, with an area of 94,163 km 2 (36,357 sq mi). Recognized under the Eighth Schedule of the Constitution of Indiaīihar ( / b ɪ ˈ h ɑːr/ Hindi pronunciation: ( listen)) is a state in eastern India.

E grass jharkhand